Intel Corporation

Intel Corporation  (also known as   Intel, stylized as   intel) is an American   multinational  corporation and   technology company  headquartered in   Santa Clara,   California  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">(colloquially referred to as "Silicon Valley") that was founded by <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Gordon Moore<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">(of <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Moore's law<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">fame) and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Robert Noyce<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">. It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip makers based on revenue, <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[2] <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">and is the inventor of the <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  x86<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">series of <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  microprocessors<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">: the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  computer system manufacturers<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">such as <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. Apple]<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Lenovo<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">(formerly <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  IBM<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">), <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Inc. HP]<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Dell<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">. Intel also manufactures <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  motherboard<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  chipsets<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  network interface controllers<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  integrated circuits<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  flash memory<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  graphics chips<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  embedded processors<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">and other devices related to communications and computing.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">Intel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove. The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words integrated and electronics. The fact that "intel" is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Inquirer_3-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[3]  Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNET_September_23.2C_1998_4-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[4] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_December_14.2C_1998_5-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[5] <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">The Open Source Technology Center at Intel hosts <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  PowerTOP<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  LatencyTOP<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, and supports other open-source projects such as <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Wayland<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Intel Array Building Blocks<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">, and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Threading Building Blocks<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">(TBB), and <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Xen<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[6]

Operating segments
===Top customers<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select:none;font-size:small;font-weight:normal;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * Client Computing Group – 55% of 2016 revenues – produces hardware components used in desktop and notebook computers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]
 * Data Center Group – 29% of 2016 revenues – produces hardware components used in server, network, and storage platforms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]
 * Internet of Things Group – 5% of 2016 revenues – offers platforms designed for retail, transportation, industrial, buildings and home use.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]
 * Non-Volatile Memory Solutions Group – 4% of 2016 revenues – manufactures NAND flash memory products primarily used in solid-state drives.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]
 * Intel Security Group – 4% of 2016 revenues – produces software, particularly security, and antivirus software.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]
 * Programmable Solutions Group – 3% of 2016 revenues – manufactures programmable semiconductors (primarily FPGAs).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">In 2016, Dell accounted for 15% of Intel's total revenues, Lenovo accounted for 13% of total revenues, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Inc. HP Inc.] accounted for 10% of total revenues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10K_7-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[7] ===Market share<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select:none;font-size:small;font-weight:normal;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====Market share in early 2011<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select:none;font-size:small;font-weight:normal;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ====

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">According to IDC, while Intel enjoyed the biggest market share in both the overall worldwide PC microprocessor market (79.3%) and the mobile PC microprocessor (84.4%) in the second quarter of 2011, the numbers decreased by 1.5% and 1.9% compared to the first quarter of 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[8] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[9] ====Historical market share<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select:none;font-size:small;font-weight:normal;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ====

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">In the 1980s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductors (10th in 1987) in the world. In 1991, Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and has held the position ever since. Other top semiconductor companies include TSMC, Advanced Micro Devices, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and STMicroelectronics. ====Major competitors<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select:none;font-size:small;font-weight:normal;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em;color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ====

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">Competitors in PC chip sets include Advanced Micro Devices, VIA Technologies, Silicon Integrated Systems, and Nvidia. Intel's competitors in networking include NXP Semiconductors, Infineon, Broadcom Limited, Marvell Technology Group and Applied Micro Circuits Corporation, and competitors in flash memory include Spansion, Samsung, Qimonda, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and SK Hynix.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Intel-AMD_deal_2001_10-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[10] However, the cross-licensing agreement is canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Patent_Cross_License_Agreement_11-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[11]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">Some smaller competitors such as VIA Technologies produce low-power x86 processors for small factor computers and portable equipment. However, the advent of such mobile computing devices, in particular, smartphones, has in recent years led to a decline in PC sales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[12]  Since over 95% of the world's smartphones currently use processors designed by ARM Holdings, ARM has become a major competitor for Intel's processor market. ARM is also planning to make inroads into the PC and server market.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:normal;">[13]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">Intel has been involved in several disputes regarding violation of antitrust laws, which are noted below